What options are available if career development is part of the process but there is no training budget?

on job trainings and sessions with team leaders can be effective in this case.

There should be an item in the company's budget for training and staff development

Thanks

You can arrange an internal training and you as an HR manager or experienced manager give your employees the training, or you can hold workshops for team leaders only, for the same topics then they refer the knowledge to their teams members.