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When molecules are subjected to white light (which is a component of seven colors) they absorp certain portions of it (according to it's electronic structure) and reflect the rest of it. And the molecules appear to our eyes colored in the colors it reflects (Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red or mixtures of these colors)
Some molecules nearly absorbs all the white light compnents, hence appear black.
Some other molecules nearly reflects all the white light compnents and thus appear white.
For more details about how does the electronic structure of a molecule detrimines which colors it absorp and which colors it reflect I've made this short video, I hope you find it helpful.
