This is often called "Mandatory Access Control".
In computer security it is seen as the access control by which the operating system defines access to an operation on an object or target. Most modern operating systems are MAC enabled.
Next to that this term (method) is used in MLS (Multi Level Secure) systems as a means of restricting access to objects based on the sensitivity (as represented by a label) of the information contained in the objects and the formal authorization (i.e., clearance) of subjects to access information of such sensitivity.
Currently the US Pentagon in planning to implement their data security in this way.