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firstly the word in the question is not clear , it gives another meaning .....but i think you mean "Digitizing"
Geodatabase then dataset then feature calss has name like the feature which i want to digitize it if it is Road should be polyline if it is parcel should be polygon etc . and all that from Arc Catalog then in ArcMap we digitize
Scan the map in .tiff format and register with correct lat long on image analist/ microstation or insert the map into gis
If it is B&W map, use ArcScan tool or otherwise manual digitisation