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Role of thumb for sizing the SWH.
Average daily solar energy at most of Arab countries on horizontal surfacs is between5 to6 kWh/m2.
Assume average daily solar energy =5.6 kWh/m2
Average solar collector efficiency =40 %.
If daily of hot water needed is500 liters at55° C.
Useful energy =5.6 kWh *0.40 = 2.24 kWh /d /m2
Q = m * Cp * (55 –18)
=500 kg *4.186 kJ/(kg °C) *37 °C =77,441 kJ / d
77,441 kJ /3,600 = 21.5 kWh / d
Collector area = 21.5 / 2.24 =9.6 =10 m2
Thermo-Syphon System
