Have you experienced water hammering phenomenon in piping system? What are the factors causing them? How did you rectify / avoid it? Please explain.

Water hammering phenomenon normally happen in long distance pipelines and its effect is increased by increasing the lines diameter due the large mass of liquid which leads to excessive moment of inertia leads to line failure.

 The phenomenon happens when sudden close for the sectionalizing valves in the pipeline happens.

To avoid the phenomenon, control system for the valves should ensure gradually close for the valves ,

And for safety surge relief safety valves and tank and reinjection pumps assemblies should be equipped to the

that normally happen in long distance pipelines and its effect is increased by increasing the lines diameter due large mass of liquid .Phenomenon happens when sudden close for the sactionalizing valves in the pipeline happens.For safety surge relief safety valves and tank.