Which program converts computer data into some code system other than the normal one?

Basm Allah Alrahman Alrahim 

 I remember a question that some one asked , that question was What do does , so I asked my teacher about the answer [ the question was , what do does ? ] , my teacher wait for2 days and answer the question with [ do does as do pleases ], and after a year I asked another teacher and he told me that he don't understand the question ? , I think That I don't understand your question , And I think that you are write , and I am Wrong , because you are public relation and your repetition Is Excellent , So I will answer what I think , any code at any computer Operating System To be understood must be with right type for example32 bit operating system understand different code than64 bit operating system , because of the architecture of the processor instruction set  are different for both,32 bit programes  can be understand by64 bit processor [ or OS ] after some changes but64 bit programs can't be understood by32 bit processors  [or OS ] , to convert64 bit program to32 bit program that may be imposible some times [ some time it can be possible ] , If my answer was not what you want , I am sorry , that what I understood any way

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i have worked in this subject in2000 in compilation, Lexical analysis (LEX), Syntax-semantic analysis (YACC)  Yeah its the compiler

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When data is input inthe computer through any source it has to be convered into a code that the computer understands.

 Data must be converted in some way before it can be used by a different computer, operating system or program. Even different versions of these elements usually involve different data structures. For example, the changing of bits from one format to another, usually for the purpose of application interoperability or of capability of using new features, is merely a data conversion. Data conversions may as simple as the conversion of a text file from one character encoding system to another; or more complex, such as the conversion of office file formats, or the conversion of image and audio file formats.

Can I take a shot at this?

Encrypting or encoding program.