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To understand how management theories develop To understand the impact of the environment to management thinking To gain insights into new management approach
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THE NEED FOR MANAGEMENT THEORY
In earlier writings, Fayol noted managerial ability was essential for organizational
success. If managerial ability was important, however, then why did schools and
universities neglect managerial training to focus exclusively on teaching technical
skills? The answer, according to Fayol, was the absence of management theory.
Fayol defined theory as “a collection of principles, rules, methods, and procedures
tried and checked by general experience.”5Writing from his years of experience,
he noted that many managers theorized, but that in practice there existed many
managerial contradictions and little systematic reflection. Fayol believed that a lack
of a management theory made it more difficult to teach and practice management
because managers’ experiences were localized and not easily understood by other
managers or students of management.
Every firm required management: “Be it a case of commerce, industry, politics,
religion, war, or philanthropy, in every concern there is a management function to be
performed.”16Thus, like Charles Dupin (see Chapter4), Fayol felt that management
required special study apart from technical matters and could be taught in schools
and universities as theory was developed and codified.
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