In a culture of discipline, people do not have “jobs;” they have responsibilities. Explain?

May be you will have to replace the word "Discipline" with "Self Discipline". A person can be disciplined and he still can, not take responsibility as he would be "just doing" his job. A self disciplined person, cannot runway from his responsibilities- be it at work or at home. Responsibility is99% driven by ones intend, wherein a Job can be forced on. A disciplined organization can be created even by a bulldozing boss, but to create a self-disciplined organization, you need a good people manager. 

Yes 

Discipline in the sense of work the employee is responsible disorderly and costly specific tasks and uses all his abilities and his skills and experience to implement the responsibility and tasks assigned to them according to the steps have been identified in advance of the administration, such as planning Wu Put the timeframe to achieve the goal

In other words, the individual receives what position it occupied from the first moment he signs the responsibility for community holds and strive to do the best and performed on the face

Yes, I full agree - If an individual is disciplined and aware of her / his responsibilities, he should take ownership and responsibility to achieve his / her target of responsibility.  This will also help and assist with problem solving.

That's true, because in a disciplined culture everyone knows their role clearly and proactively takes the responsibilities of the work and achieve the goals..