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First you decide what kind of website site you are going to create. If it is just a informative website , Contains only a three to four pages and5 or6 images then you can create within an hour .This kind of website called STATIC WEBSITE. They never change anything. You can just look in to that website.
But when it comes to dynamic website. like a bayt , It make take up to months to just making the website.
For creating DYNAMIC WEBSITES AT EASE we use what called FRAMEWORK..as the Hesham Ahmed said. Frameworks reduce the effort to publish a dynamic website.
Use A CMS (Content Management System) like Drupal , Joomla , etc
Basm allah alrahman alrahim
Use WordPress drupalor joomla
this video show you how to do so with the fastest way in arabic
As the above post is already accurate to ask several questions before making your new website...I'd say for Personal Portfolio website I'd pick Squarespace.com they have templates that are ready for use and best thing is it's14days free trial. I recently launched my own using that: http://www.kamranfarooqui.me Feel free take a look.
There are however, other options too...it depends on you which path you'd like to under take. Like Custom web site builds using Dreamweaver, Joomla, Wordpress etc.
I hope this helps. Feel free to contact me.