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<p>In topology, a sphere with a two-dimensional surface is characterized by the fact that it is compact and simply connected.</p>
A proof of this conjecture was given by Grigori Perelman in2003; its review was completed in August2006, and Perelman was selected to receive the Fields Medal for his solution but he declined that award. Perelman was officially awarded the Millennium Prize on March18,2010,but he also declined the award and the associated prize money from the Clay Mathematics Institute. The Interfax news agency quoted Perelman as saying he believed the prize was unfair. Perelman told Interfax he considered his contribution to solving the Poincare conjecture no greater than that of Columbia University mathematician Richard Hamilton.
