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As a real case that was happened to a student, the adults would be come first to take the responsibility. That student is considered an immature one who is still under guidance of adults. If there was signs a student's deviation in learning (when a student attended regular basis and other students could meet the next level, it was considered being a case/ deviation of learning happened), the teacher and parents as adult should be able to notice it and they need to discuss searching reasons of student's failure. Then they have to go to the next discussion to find certain approaches to overcome this condition based on the reasons.
If we consider it from a broad viewpoint, all are held responsible, teacher, student and parents. I think the issue is reciprocal; yet a student shoulders the minimum responsibility.
All of them, directly or indirectly! They are all links in a chain, one weak link and the chain fails!!
I think they all share the responsibility, the teacher because he or she could not present the information in the way and with the method the student can understand, and the student because he or she didn't dare to say that he is not understanding the teacher or that he has defficulties with the teacher's method of teaching, and the parents because they propably are not following their child progress at school that they didn't realize that he got a problem and help him.
All of them are responsible including the school administration. On the part of the parents, seeing and knowing that your child goes to school is not really a guarantee that he/she is learning. you can't be with your child during class hours so you really cannot see what's happening during these times when he or she's in school. That's why parents should constantly encourage their children to study well as it will benefit the child. Also, parents should always stress the importance of education towards their children.
On the part of the teacher, he/she should make sure that the child is given proper attention. Teaching is a noble profession and what makes it more noble is the fact that we are even willing to sacrifice our own time just to make sure that students are learning. Proper assessment of the students will determine the strengths and weaknesses of the child. If results show that the child is not learning as much as others do, then it's the role of the teacher to tell the child and let him/her do something about it, of course with the teacher's assistance.
And as for the student himself/herself, he.she should know that being present in school is not enough. showing competence and perseverance is more important. Anyone can be present in school everyday,but true learning cannot solely be measured in attendance.
The failure of the student could be attributed to any of the above mentioned factors. It is the responsibility of the educational system to decide: if the educational system allows and involves the parents, then, they could be responsible; also, the students themselves could be treated as experimental objects, and their failure and their success is the responsibility.......and so on. Anyway, we see here and there a serious accusation of one part of another without reasonable presupposition.
I fully agree with Ismi Puji Hastuti