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I will try to answer Question "C" as it is my main specialty and interest.
There are so many materials to be used for waterproofing basins , bonds & any other water containing structures like :
- Membrane based materials that can be used if there is or there is not a concrete slab and sides to your bond ; those materials are but not limited to : PVC , HDPE & EPDM. ; the most commonly used material in the case of waterproofing directly on compacted soil will be the HDPE as it is less in cost and has good durability in general & will take less preparation efforts of the substrate before installation.
- Coating materials , which should be only used in case there is a concrete slab and walls to your water containing structure ; those materials are like "but not limited to" : Epoxy based coatings, Rubberized , acrylic based coatings, Polysulphide based coatings , polyurea , cement based , modified cement based "acrylic cementitious" , crystalline coating materials (either hydrophillic or hydrophobic materials) but choosing the right kind of coating material will differ depending on so many factors that we can't discuss all here but as an example (type of the water to be contained "potable or not , PH value ....etc" ? is it an open structure or there is a roof for it to protect from direct sun light? ; life expectancy required ? ; cost required ? ; accessibility and ventilation conditions in time of coating application ? ; type , grade ,age, condition & surface finish of concrete to be coated ; is there an external water pressure or not? ....etc
3- Permeability reducing admixtures to concrete itself , this can eliminate the need for any internal lining or coating for the water containing structure at all but under certain conditions ; those types of admixtures are like ( Integral crystalline admixtures "Kryton , Xypex , Penetron ....etc" or Hydrophobic "water repellent" admixtures which i personally don't recommend but its still used commercially world wide "Hycrete USA" ; or to use a good designed mix of concrete with the help of some GGBS / mineral admixtures added to your concrete but take into consideration the side effects on the durability and ductility of your concrete.
Hope that answers your question
