When managers solicit advice from subordinates while retaining the right to make final decision, Likert’s four systems of management describes it as:

Consultative.

The Manager or Change Leader accepts & incorporates subordinates ideas but still he/she makes the final decision. In most cases subordinates feels they are not responsible for the outcome.

(c)

  When managers have substantial but not complete confidence and trust in subordinates and solicit advice from subordinates while retaining the right to make final decision, Likert’s four systems of management describes it as consultative leadership style. (a) In Participative leadership style, the manager has complete trust and confidence in the subordinates in all the matters. (b) In Benevolent-authoritative leadership style, the managers have a patronizing confidence and trust in subordinates, solicit some ideas and opinions from subordinates, motivate with rewards and some fear and punishment, permit some upward communication and allow some delegation of decision-making but with close policy control. (d) In Exploitative-authoritative leadership style, the managers represent dictatorial leadership behavior with all decisions made by the manager. (e) Trait theory of leadership style assumes that leaders share certain inborn personality traits.