What are the common software development methodologies in software engineering?

Agile methodologies are common for software development.

There are the Waterfall, Spiral and Iterative models.
All models share almost the same life cycle phases which are Requirements, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing and Deployment.
The difference between these models is how the life cycle phases arranged togther and how they sequenced.
The Rational Unified Process is an example of iterative and incremental software methodologies.
The Scrum and eXtream Programing (XP) are examples of Agile software methodologies.

waterfall and incremental models are the common, this is depending on the requirements spec.

i prefer the incrementa model for big data applications, it gives you a time for testing and developing the integration points between modules