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cosine of angle between the voltage and current this called power factor
In AC circuits, the power factor is the ratio of the real power that is used to do work and theapparent power that is supplied to the circuit.
The power factor can get values in the range from0 to1.
When all the power is reactive power with no real power (usually inductive load) - the power factor is0.
When all the power is real power with no reactive power (resistive load) - the power factor is1.
yes it mathematical but another way we can say that how much active power consumed