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If u know research framework then kindly tell me in few sentences.. Regards
Phases and steps of scientific research scheme First: the stage of preparation of the plan 1. a sense of the problem Sources choose the problem, the study address, 2. Identification of the problem and determine the significance and objectives The problem, important framework (Applied Theory), setting goals 3. poll theoretical framework and previous studies Theories, writings, previous studies 4. formulate hypotheses or questions Concepts, questions, hypotheses. 5. determine the methodological procedures The curriculum, the community, the border, variables, tools, statistical techniques Second, the field study stage..
. 6. collect data and how to collect data in accordance with the tool, the validity and reliability procedures 7. Presentation of data and analysis of quantitative data, qualitative, descriptive statistics, inferential, 8. interpretation of data to link results of the study theoretical framework and previous studies 9. access to the recommendations of the solutions derived from the results, and proposed topics studied later. Third: the final stage 10. writing a research report and submit it. According to the editorial rules, and the rules of authentication, accepted academically
The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem under study exists
Thanks for the invite .............. agreed with the answers Dr. Ghada
Thoughtful answers are already from Creative Professionals.
Thanks for invitation
I am apologies to answer this question because it's not my specialist field
I agree with experts answers,thanks for the invitation.
SORRY , I DON,T KNOW......
To write a paper in a scientific way is correct, turn the researcher to follow precise steps to accomplish this, and these steps are:
Choice of research problem.
Exploratory readings.
Formulation of hypothesis.
Research design plan.
Information gathering and design.
Writing a research report in draft form.
First, choose the research problem
What is the problem in scientific research?
The research problem: is a question which some vague questions that may spin
In the mind of a researcher on the subject of study chosen by the questions which need to interpret the researcher seeks to find a satisfactory and adequate her answers.
Example: What is the relationship between the use of computers and offer better services to users in libraries and information centers?
Research the problem may be an ambiguous position needs to interpret and clarify.
An example of this particular commodity disappearance from the market, despite the abundance produced and imported.
Get the sources of the problem.
a. Perimeter of scientific work and the lesson:
Some research highlights the problems the researcher through the daily scientific experience, expertise and experience raises the researcher questions about some of the things that do not find her explanation or that reflect the problems of research and study.
Example: an employee of the radio and television can be looking at the problem of linguistic errors or technical impact and Al listening and viewing audience.
B. Extensive readings critical to its contents of books, periodicals, newspapers, opinions and ideas may raise the individual set of questions that can be studied and looking in when it has the chance.
C. Previous research:
Researchers usually at the end of their research offers specific recommendations to address the problem or group of problems have emerged during the research which pays their fellow researchers to think about it and try to study them.
Dr.. The cost of the hand:
Sometimes it is a source of research problems commissioning of official or unofficial to address and find solutions to them after a careful and scientific diagnosis of its causes as well could cost the university and scientific institutions in graduate studies and initial conduct university and messages from the subject identifies her previous problem research.
Standard choose the problem:
a. Acquisitions problem the attention of the researcher because the researcher's desire and interest in the topic and discuss what specific problem of his research is an important factor in the success of his work and the completion of his research better.
B. Researcher fit capabilities and qualifications to address the problem, especially if the problem is complex and difficult aspects of the study and treatment.
C. The availability of information and data necessary to study the problem.
Dr.. The availability of administrative assistance
In transactions needed by the researcher
In obtaining private information
In field aspects.
Example: allow the researcher to interview employees and workers in the field of research and obtaining the appropriate answers to the questionnaires and similar facilities.
E. The scientific value of the problem in the sense that the problem is of significance revolves around an important topic and have the benefit of scientific and social If studied.
And. To be a problem Find a new add to the knowledge in the field of specialty research study a new problem not discussed by non (duplicate) as much as possible or the problem of representing the theme complements other topics previously considered and there are formulated hypotheses possibilities around the subject of scientific test and that there are possibilities for the dissemination of the results that will by a researcher from the handling of the problem on another problem.
Second readings scoping and review past lessons
The initial exploratory readings can help a researcher in the following areas:
Expand his knowledge on the subject which examines the base is provided for general background accurate about him and how to eat
Develop a general framework of the research topic.
Make sure important theme among other topics and distinguish them.
Develop a research problem and put it in the proper Framework and quantified more clearly to the problem, reading exploratory lead researcher to choose the sound of the problem and make sure not addressed by other researchers.
The completion of the research problem, providing access to previous studies, the opportunity to return to the window frames
And theoretical assumptions adopted by men and women adopted by the researcher making more hardiness in progress in his research that.
Avoid gaps errors and difficulties which occurred other researchers and pursued by definition means to address them.
Providing much of the important references and sources that can not be accessed by himself researcher.
The completion of the aspects that stood then previous studies which lead to the integration of scientific studies and research.
Identify and develop a title search after confirmation of the universality of the title to all the thematic and geographic and temporal aspects of research.
Third: the formulation of research hypotheses
Definition of hypothesis or the hypothesis:
Hypothesis is to guess or infer ever drafted and adopted by a researcher at the beginning of the interim study.
Or it can be the tariff as a temporary interpretation illustrates a problem or phenomenon of Oahu is a principle of solving the problem of trying to come from a researcher using the material available to him.
Premise components:
Hypothesis is usually the first variable and the following independent variable dependent variable, and the independent variable for the hypothesis in a particular search may be dependent variable in the search depending on the nature of the research and its purpose.
Example: on the premises academic achievement in secondary schools is heavily influenced taught tutoring outside of school, and the change is the exploiter of the tutoring and academic achievement is affected teaching tutoring.
Types of hypotheses:
Direct imposition that determines the positive relationship between two variables
Example: there is a strong relationship between academic achievement in high school and tutoring outside school
Imposition of zero, which means that the negative relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable
Example: There is no relationship between tutoring and academic achievement.
The terms of the formulation of the hypothesis
Reasonableness of the hypothesis and its compatibility with any known fictional or not be contradictory with the scientific facts.
Formulating hypothesis is accurate and precise testable and to verify the authenticity.
The ability of the hypothesis to explain the phenomenon and provide a solution to the problem.
That characterized the hypothesis brevity and clarity in drafting, simplicity and away from the public or the complexities and use easy words to make them easier to understand.
To be far from the likelihood of personal bias of the researcher.
There may be a major premise of the research or the researcher may rely on the principle of multiple hypotheses (limited number)
That are not contradictory or complementary to each other.
Fourth: the design of the research plan
At the beginning of preparation for scientific research has to be for the researcher to present a clear plan focused and written for consideration include the following
Research Title:
The researcher must be sure to choose the appropriate words for the title of his research as well as for its comprehensiveness and its association with the subject well, so that addresses the special theme of the title search, place and institution of research and time period for the search.
Example: TV relationship by reading books and publications required for university students in the city of Riyadh for the academic year 1999/2000 m
Research problem:
Find a plan must contain a clear definition of the research problem and how to formulate as previously mentioned.
Example: What is the impact of TV programs to read books and required when university students in Riyadh for the academic year City
1999/2000 m
Assumptions:
Must identify the researcher - in the plan - his research hypotheses, it is one hypothesis comprehensive for each subject or more than a hypothesis
Example: a negative and significant impact on the television
The feet of university students required to read them books.
The researcher must make clear in his important research topic in comparison to other topics and aim of the study.
The research plan should also include a research approach that was chosen by the researcher and tools that the researcher decided to use them to collect information and data (will be tailored research and information gathering tools methods later)
Sample selection:
The investigator determines that the plan chosen by the sample type which is discussed and what is the sample and the advantages and disadvantages available to it by the size and capabilities.
search limits:
Intended to: identify the researcher-border thematic and geographic and temporal to the research problem.
The research plan:
It must contain the previous research and scientific studies that seen by the researcher in the field placed or similar topics For the researcher to submit an inventory of as many of them in the research plan.
At the end of the research plan provides a list of sources that the researcher intends to rely upon in writing research.
Fifth: information gathering and analysis
Information gathering process depends on two two grounds:
Collect and organize information and registration:
Going information gathering process in two directions
a. Gathering information on the theoretical side in the search if the field study, you need to separate the theoretical work of the researcher guide will be.
B. Gathering information on the field or the training side, in the case of a researcher's dependence on the field and experimental research methods shall art collection of information based on the questionnaire or interview or observation.
With regard to the process of collecting information it should be noted two key points:
Collecting information from various documentary sources linked to the need to know how to use libraries and information centers, as well as the types of sources of information needed by the researcher and method of use.
Often depend steps to gather information on the methodology used by the researcher in the study use of the historical method in the study of a subject, for example, it requires a focus on primary sources to gather information, such as periodic newsletters books .... And so on.
The use of the survey method in the study requires a focus on primary sources mentioned above as well as other tools questionnaire or interview, for example.
Analyze information and draw conclusions:
Steps information analysis is an important step because the scientific research differs from ordinary writing because it is based on the interpretation and careful analysis of the information collected at the researcher and analysis normally be one of the following ways:
a. Critical analysis is that the researcher highlights an opinion derived from the combined sources has supported the evidence and the evidence.
B. Digital statistical analysis by percentages This method is used with the information gathered from the persons concerned and the proportion of the questionnaire responses and the like.
Writing a research report final stage of the steps of scientific research:
Researcher eventually need to write and organize his research in the form of reflecting all aspects and sections of this writing include the two main aspects:
Draft Search:
Its importance as follows:
Give a rough picture to look in its final form.
Be aware of what the researcher is deficient and what is surplus and works to restore balance to the search.
To see what the researcher must amplifies it and what it must be summarized.
Be aware of what the researcher can be taken from the texts and materials taken from other sources and must formulate his style.
Determine the order or the first division of the search.
The final typing to search
Agree with answer given by Ms. Ghada
There are some common elements to research projects which can be used to shape the whole activity. Here's a general approach.
ProblemA research study starts with a problem that they have determined within their broad area of interest. This could be along the lines of:
Deep research requires a lot of work and patience, including backtracking after exploration up blind alleys. This usually requires that the researcher is strongly motivated to stay the course.
The problem must also at least appear to be soluble by the researcher, in the time available, with the skills and resources they have. It is no good trying to find the secret of life, the universe and everything if you do not have a lot of time, money and brains.
QuestionThe next stage is to formulate the research question. This creates focus and may require a significant thinning down of the original problem.
If the problem starts out as being about life, the universe and everything, then perhaps the research question should realistically be constrained to furthering understanding of some aspect of life, such as determining the first stirrings of a fruit fly's egg or the value put on life by people of different ages.
HypothesisDeveloping the hypothesis involves converting the question into a predictive form and also creating a null hypothesis by which falsification may be achieved.
DesignDesign of the experiment can be a critical stage as an incorrect design will produce invalid and useless data from which false conclusions may be drawn.
The purpose of the design is thus to determine a method which creates accurate and unbiased data from which valid conclusions may be drawn. This includes determining includes how experimental closure will be achieved.
A big problem in social study is that when people know they are being observed they tend to act differently. This requires careful design to eliminate this bias.
An important part of experimental design is to ensure that all variables other than those of interest are held stable and do not distort the results. One way of doing this is to include a control group, in which the experiment is repeated under the same conditions but without manipulating the independent variable. The results of the two studies may then be compared with the assumption that differences are due only to manipulation of the independent variable.
Where traditional experimental control and management of variables is not possible or not desirable, other methods such as surveys, interviews or more distant observation may be used.
DataData design not only includes identification of what data is needed -- it also includes design of how the data will be collected. Measurement of data typically involves manipulating independent variables and measuring dependent variables.
Data may also be gained by observation of naturally occurring events. In such situations the researcher will try not to let their observation affect the data. Two opposing ways of doing this is first to be so separated from the people being studied that you are not noticed (such as using one-way mirrors or hidden cameras). Secondly, you can be so obviously present that people eventually ignore you and revert to natural behavior (such as in reality TV shows).
Choosing the data you will gather has a very significant effect on the analysis and conclusions you will be able to draw. If you want significant and credible results, then data design is a critical activity.
Gathering data is often the most time-consuming and expensive part of the experiment. Designing data to collect thus needs a pragmatic approach that will enable you to conclude useful results without breaking the bank or taking forever.
Where everyone cannot be accessed, careful sampling is used to enable accurate analysis and valid results.
AnalysisAfter gathering of data, the next stage is to analyze it, effectively turning data into useful information.
Where there is sufficient data, statistical analysis may be used, where tools such as SPSS and SAS may help (although a simple spreadsheet may also be adequate).
Analysis can be quite sophisticated and there are many tripwires where information derived is not as significant as might be supposed.
Considerations about analysis should not be left until after the data has been collected. Deciding what analysis you will do is a part of the design process. This also includes consideration of what conclusions you may wish to draw.
ConclusionFinally, the analysis is reviewed and specific conclusions drawn that relate to the original question and hypothesis. This can include conclusion about:
