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Mr. mansoor,
It is due to the protection devices (over frequecy/under frequency relay) that causes to trip a generator and eventually lead to power failure (or black out as you would say). If its only one generator supplying a system. The question however mr. mansoor is why do they need to set a setting in the protection device? Answer is, Because each country has its own frequency some countries have 50hz others have 60hz and so on. That is why some devices in other country can not work to another country not unless they have the same frequency. And maybe you would ask to yourself what is a frequency in real world. And again answer is, frequency is just an up & down of an a/c (alternating currents) that is why it is alternating. And i almost forgot frequency is discovered by henry hertz check him out he knows better when it comes to frequency.
Hope this it enlightens you in some way.
Hi ...for abnormal situation that will happen (like system failure,or fault happened,,,)
that make the frequency increase and decrease instantaneously and some time that will Exceed the set point of protection system of the power plant (the generator)..
in some time in my work (wartsilla hfo power plant) that the frequency drop under the limit and activate the protection system of the generator because the the engine will slow down under the limit for that the protection system disconnect the generator from the grid....