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The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earth's surface would average about33 °C colder than the average of14 °C.
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (taken as the year1750), the burning of fossil fuels and extensive clearing of native forests has contributed to a40% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide in2012. This increase has occurred despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions by various natural "sinks" involved in the carbon cycle.
Under ongoing greenhouse gas emissions, available Earth System Models project that the Earth's surface temperature could exceed historical analogs as early as2047 affecting most ecosystems on Earth and the livelihoods of over3 billion people worldwide.
