In the sea freight transportation, what determines the point when the risk associated with transportation transfer from the seller to buyer ?

The most common risk are taking place in

1. Loaded container from supplier / shipper transfer from their warehouse to the load port 

Risk no# 1 ( there are lot of chances for the goods to get damaged during transportation )

2. During Sailing 

3. While unloading from the vessel 

4. Transferring from port to the warehouse 

the major risk to be consider is " Damage " - 

But we can cover this damages value with help of claiming insurance  

The contract between the buyer and the seller stipulates when the risk is carried over from the one to the other. 

- FOB Origin means that the buyer is at while the goods are shipped

- FOB Destination means that the seller is at risk until it reaches the buyer. 

For more information on shipping and the industry Google "Incoterms"

Inco-term is the basic asset to specify the risk between seller & buyer,

so it's  deferntiated upon agreed inco-term.

Product and commodity damage, while moving from vessel to storage is one of the major risks i have personally faced.