What are the essential steps one should take to ensure the security of a web application?

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Security measures are needed on each layer of the application and some of the following practices should be followed for a web application

• There should be secure development policies in-place (OWASP top 10 rules, SQL injection, input validation, XSS, CSRF etc)
• There should be controls for authentications and authorizations and also MFA & strong Password policies in-place
• Secure Cookies and Session timeouts
• Data Backups and Encrypted Data
• Web traffic on the TLS 1.2 or higher
• OS/Server Hardening practices in-place (no open ports, disk encryptions, IP restrictions, terminate protections etc)
• Logging and Monitoring controls in-place for security events audit
• SAST/DAST analysis regularly
• Regular Pen testing
• Regular Patch Management
• Security reviews of 3rd party libraries and updates