What are the penalties for violating an OSHA standard?

OSHA penalties range from $0 to $70,000, depending upon how likely the violation is to result in serious harm to workers. Other-than-serious violations often carry no penalties but may result in penalties of up to $7,000. Serious violations may have penalties up to $7,000. Repeat and willful violations may have penalties as high as $70,000. Penalties may be discounted if an employer has a small number of employees, has demonstrated good faith, or has few or no previous violations. a) Any employer who willfully or repeatedly violates the requirements of section5 of this Act, any standard, rule, or order promulgated pursuant to section6 of this Act, or regulations prescribed pursuant to this Act, may be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $70,000 for each violation, but not less than $5,000 for each willful violation.29 USC666. Maximum allowed criminal fines under this subsection have been increased by the Sentencing Reform Act of1984,18 USC §3551 et seq., see Historical and Statutory Notes, infra. (b) Any employer who has received a citation for a serious violation of the requirements of section5 of this Act, of any standard, rule, or order promulgated pursuant to section6 of this Act, or of any regulations prescribed pursuant to this Act, shall be assessed a civil penalty of up to $7,000 for each such violation. (c) Any employer who has received a citation for a violation of the requirements of section5 of this Act, of any standard, rule, or order promulgated pursuant to section6 of this Act, or of regulations prescribed pursuant to this Act, and such violation is specifically determined not to be of a serious nature, may be assessed a civil penalty of up to $7,000 for each violation. (g) Whoever knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report, plan, or other document filed or required to be maintained pursuant to this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both.

It varies quite a bit.   A 'Willful' Violation can start at $6,000US.  A Minor infraction can be several hundred dollars.  There are numerous violations in America in excess of $100,000US.