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The difference is in the metrics used:
For Distance Vector routing protocols: the metric is (Hop Count) the number of hops between the source and destination.
For Link State routing protocols: the metric is (Cost) the interface Bandwidth.
distence vector r.p.:- it send full(all) routing table to neighbors every30/90 second
rip--30 sec
igrp--90 sec
link state routing protocole:
it's create3 routing table exm ospf
1- neighoubor table(it's store all information directialy connected on router)
2-topology table(it's has complete picture of network or it's store all information our neighbor neighbor)
3-routing table(it' has the best rout to reach the destinactin network)
A distance-vector routing protocol requires that a router informs its neighbors of topology changes periodically while link state protocol require a router to inform all the nodes in a network of topology changes.