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Agile Testing is testing practice that follows the principles of agile software development. Agile testing involves all members of an agile team with special skills and expertise to ensure business value is delivered at frequent intervals.
The big difference is that in Agile environment, testing is not a phase, it is an activity parallel to development.
In agile environment, small features of software are delivered frequently, so testing activity should be parallel to development activity. Testing time is short as we are only testing small features.
In the waterfall model, there is a testing phase at the end of the development so, testing is a big effort done after the whole application is developed. Testing time is long as we have to test the whole application.
In this rapidly progressing world especially in IT sector, gone are the days when test cycles followed development completion as in Waterfall model. There is not enough time and value add to do testing after the development cycle has closed and wait for any bug fixes to be done which are identified in the test cycle. Today its all about being quick and the minimum response times needed to turnaround.
Nowadays its all about encouraging rapid and flexible response to change. Agile testing involves members from across functionals teams, with special expertise contributed by testers, to ensure that the business value desired by the customer is delivered at frequent intervals, working at a sustainable pace. This is only possible in agile methodology where Testing and coding are done incrementally and iteratively, building up each feature until it provides enough value to release to production.