Can weekly follow-up calls and emails after job interview help get you the job?

I would suggest to go for Thank you emai within24 hours of interview and do state your interest and any details which could help recruiter.

I personally respond to any email or contact anyone interviewed staff, but there are those who communicate and send email after the interview rejection or acceptance

Its a very bad practice and employers get annoyed if you do so. Never do this because otherwise you may lose a chance of getting a job.